He was held in custody and interrogated for two or three weeks and then let go. The investigation was suspended in 1951. Topf and Sons (German: J.A. Topf & Söhne – Die Ofenbauer von Auschwitz“ der Stiftung Gedenkstätten Buchenwald und Mittelbau-Dora in Verbindung mit dem Jüdischen Museum Berlin und dem Staatlichen Museum Auschwitz. [14][21], The US Army's Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC) started to investigate Topf & Söhne within a few days of the Buchenwald liberation, and took company documents. La Villa Cotta ® als wurzelnackte Rose kaufen. Der ehemalige Firmensitz von J.A. Topf & Söhne ist ein authentischer Ort der Mittäterschaft der Industrie am Holocaust. On les retrouve, partiellement cachées, dans les documents de l'exposition. Topf & Sons – Builders of the Auschswitz Ovens, Topf and Sons memorial site. Les dirigeants de Topf & Fils, tout comme les employés concernés, nièrent toute culpabilité et toute complicité de ces crimes. A. Topf und Söhne mit Skyscanner-Hotels. In all, Topf built 25 crematoria ovens which had a total of 76 incineration chambers (called 'muffles') for concentration camps. Those present observed the bodies being put in the ovens and burned. After the war, the company was confiscated and nationalised by the Soviet administration. Later, the company diversified into silos, chimneys, incinerators for burning municipal waste, and crematoria.During World War I it made weapons shells, limbers (carts … [3][7], Ludwig Topf was wealthy and successful, but committed suicide in February 1914, aged 51, due to the stress of running the business. It is also thought that they supplied transportable ovens to at least one of the Nazi euthanasia institutions, in which a total of over 70,000 physically and mentally disabled people were murdered in 1940 and 1941. The firm's senior managers already had a lot of independence and operations continued without any major upheaval. [1], After leaving school, Ludwig studied machine engineering at the Technische Hochschule Hannover, now the University of Hannover. Der Deutscher Fußballbund zeichnet Bildungsprojekt vom Erinnerungsort Topf & Söhne und Spirit of Football e.V. Cet article est copié avec permission du catalogue de l'exposition de Malignes, http://www.topf.be/fr/topf.html. Elsa Topf was also estranged from her daughter, whose marriage she disapproved of. The Patent Application, Concentration camps shown as film evidence during the Nuremberg Trials, German Minister Says Heirs of Crematorium Maker Won’t Be Compensated, Regional events in Germany keep memories of the Holocaust alive, Hochschulfernsehen "UNIcut" feiert Jubiläum, Topf & Sons Remembrance Site official website, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Topf_and_Sons&oldid=992006672, Articles with German-language sources (de), Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Les vestiges des crématoires acquirent rapidement la signification symbolique de monuments funéraires et de lieux de mémoire. They were banned from the company site, due to a rift with their mother, who would not speak to them, and because of political problems. Johannes Topf died in 1891, and in 1904 Julius Topf stepped down to become a sleeping partner due to ill health, leaving Ludwig managing it on his own. [4], On 1 March 1946 the firm was given a large contract for malting and brewing equipment by the reparations department of the Soviet military, however a few days later, four engineers of the firm were arrested. C'est lui qui accéléra, à partir de 1939, la collaboration de Topf & Fils avec la SS. The state of Thuringia contributed over one million euros to establishing the museum. Und sie ist ein Teil von uns. The SS were holding 125,000 Soviet prisoners of war in Auschwitz II, and it was calculated that with the use of the new ovens, they could all be killed and disposed of in about four months. Der DFB zeichnet seit 2005 Vereine, Institutionen und Einzelpersonen aus, die sich für Demokratie und Menschenwürde sowie gegen Antisemitismus, Rassismus und jede Form der Diskriminierung einsetzen. There were also small numbers of Poles, Dutch, Croatians and Czechs. It had already been agreed in the Yalta Conference, held in February 1945, that the area would come under Soviet control after the Germans had been defeated. Am 05.04.09 wurde die ehemalige Villa der Familie Topf in der Rubenstraße in Erfurt scheinbesetzt. [2], Topf & Söhne's main competitor in making concentration camp ovens was the Berlin firm H. Kori GmbH [de], founded in 1887. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 22 juillet 2020 à 16:11. These were Kurt Prüfer, Fritz Sander (1876–1946), Karl Schultze (1900-died after 1955) and Gustav Braun (1889–1958). [15] Initially, the process of gassing prisoners and then letting fresh air into the gas chambers lasted several hours, but after the exhaust fans were installed this was reduced to about an hour, thus reducing the turn around time. Kurt Prüfer, le directeur de la division de Construction des Fours Spéciaux, était dans une situation difficile sur le plan interne, car la direction de l'entreprise jugeait qu'il rapportait trop peu de bénéfices. This closed at the end of 1949 and Topf's file was handed over to the Wiesbaden state prosecutors office, where investigations into him as an accessory to murder for his role in the Holocaust began. Sans sollicitation, de leur propre initiative, les ingénieurs de la société imaginèrent des installations encore plus efficaces pour l'extermination d'un nombre de gens toujours croissant. A book about the occupation was published in 2012, titled Topf & Söhne – Besetzung auf einem Täterort (Topf & Söhne – Occupation of a crime scene). However, his business never did well. In den Krematorien für den Völkermord an den europäischen Juden und Sinti und Roma errichteten Ingenieure von J. [3], As Ernst Topf was now in western Germany and his brother Ludwig was dead, Topf & Söhne was declared an "ownerless company" and in 1946 it was taken over by the state and renamed "Topfwerke Erfurt VEB". [3][6], When Johannes Topf founded the firm on 1 July 1878 he was already 62 years old. [14], At the end of June 1945, Ernst Topf travelled to an insurance company in Stuttgart, then in the French occupied zone, to collect a 300,000 Reichmark life insurance payout that was due following his brother Ludwig's death. Topf's wife Erika, aged 52, died in April 1963. The company's crematoria department was closed in 1955 and in 1957 it stopped production of all forms of combustion machinery and was renamed VEB Erfurter Mälzerei- und Speicherbau (VEB EMS), (Erfurt Oasthouse and Granary Construction). It was handed over on 3 July 1945. Het bedrijf had in het eerste oorlogsjaar een flinke financiële klap gekregen en in april 1941 was de schuld opgelopen tot … He maintained that the ovens they had delivered to the concentration camps were standard equipment, of the same type that they made for city crematoria for civilian use and claimed that if they had refused to work with the SS they would have been severely punished. Les employés en question se servirent de leurs observations pour optimiser les installations d'extermination. [4], Kurt Prüfer (1891–1952), a senior engineer and the main designer of the ovens, was initially arrested by the American CIC on 30 May 1945 and interrogated. Heating, brewing & incineration equipment, silos, chimneys. Braun, also a qualified engineer, was the factory's production manager. A. Topf und Söhne za pomocą Hoteli Skyscanner. Topf committed suicide on 31 May 1945, by cyanide poisoning. 4,1 von 5 Sternen 16. In Heil- und Pflegeanstalten wurden 1940/1941 in der "Aktion T4" Menschen mit Behinderungen und psychischen Erkrankungen systematisch ermordet. [4] After graduating from Hannover, he spent a further five years at Leipzig, Berlin and Rostock universities, studying a wide range of subjects, including economics, law, and sociology. Suche und vergleiche Hotels nahe J. Prüfer later designed ovens with muffles large enough for multiple bodies to be burned simultaneously. [1], Later, in December 1946, because of his membership of the Nazi party, the Fritzlar-Homberg Spruchkammer, a German civilian denazification court, started investigating Ernst Topf. It was made a subsidiary of VVB NAGEMA, a group of East German state-owned engineering companies. The ambitious engineer Kurt Prüfer joined at the same time. Kaum etwas in den Ruinen erinnert an die schreck­liche Bedeutung, die Überlebende des Holocaust bis heute mit dem Namen dieser Firma verbinden: Topf & Söhne, im Jahr 1878 als Spezialbetrieb für Feuerungs- und Mälzereianlagen in Erfurt gegründet, produzierte einen großen Teil der Krematorien für die nationalsozialistischen Vernichtungslager. Look up the English to German translation of Topf in the PONS online dictionary. Même si ces fours particuliers ne représentaient qu'une petite activité annexe pour la société, celle-ci parvint rapidement à conquérir une place de leader sur le marché des fours crématoires en Allemagne. Après la guerre, il se suicida. [30] They were then permitted to return and were appointed joint managers, with Ludwig as the technical manager, and Ernst as the business manager. The unusually high numbers looked suspicious, so the SS wanted their own on-site facilities, although it was illegal for crematoria to be outside of local authority control. La direction de l'entreprise, les ingénieurs et les monteurs non seulement livrèrent les fours crématoires pour faire disparaître les personnes assassinées. Tefal Simpleo B815S4 Topf- und Pfannenset 4 tlg. Topf & Söhne logo and manufacturer's name plate attached to the ovens. When their father died, the two sons, aged 10 and 9, were sent away to a boarding school. The idea was that the bodies would be loaded by a type of conveyor belt and the heat of the bodies already in the oven would ignite them, thus, after an initial heating period, it would remain in continuous operation without the need for any further fuel – the heat of burning corpses would keep the apparatus running. A fifth son died in childhood. J.A. He never made any apology for Topf & Söhne's involvement with the Nazi regime. [12][6], It was calculated that all four of Auschwitz II's crematoria had the capacity to cremate a total of 8000 bodies per day, although the actual numbers were usually lower. Meer over 1942: - Bekijk deze uitzending in het scherm hierboven. (mz) Erinnerungsort Topf & Söhne, Sorbenweg 7, Erfurt, Di-So 10-18 Uhr Das Haus im Internet: www.topfundsoehne.de It prospered during World War I due to contracts for weapons shells and military vehicles. Originally, it made heating systems and brewing and malting equipment. In October 1941, the SS placed an order for five three-muffle ovens for the new Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp (Auschwitz II), where it was initially estimated that over 1000 people per day would die. [26][27], Squatters moved onto part of the site of the former factory on 12 April 2001 and set up an independent culture centre known as Das Besetzte Haus (the occupied house). [28] The University of Erfurt's television channel, UNIcut,[31] made a short report about the occupation shortly before the eviction. Sök och jämför hotell nära J. J.A. He was later involved with researching the history of the firm and in setting up the memorial site and museum. [1][14] Messing, who was a communist, not a Nazi, spent from January to June 1943 working at the camp. He then joined Ludwig in Leipzig, studying at the Handelshochschule, now the Leipzig Graduate School of Management, graduating in 1929. In 1952 it was renamed "NAGEMA VEB Maschinenfabrik "Nikos Belojannis", after a Greek communist who had been an inmate in a German concentration camp in Greece. In World War II it also made weapons shells and aircraft parts for the Luftwaffe. Originally, it made heating systems and brewing and malting equipment. Des témoignages oculaires de membres du 'Sonderkommando', qui étaient forcés de travailler dans les crématoires, attestent du déroulement des massacres et de la destruction des cadavres. H. Kori built 42 single chamber ovens at various camps.[4]. [5][1], In 1959 the state prosecutors in Frankfurt reopened investigations into Topf. It was never built. Ils témoignent de ce que subissaient les gens à cet endroit. The Americans forced the citizens of nearby Weimar to walk through the camp to witness what had been going on. Pour effacer les traces de leurs crimes, les SS firent sauter les crématoires d'Auschwitz-Birkenau en janvier 1945. On 16 April 2009 about 30 remaining squatters who occupied part of the Topf & Söhne site from 2001 to 2009 were evicted by the police. Frankfurt/New York: Campus Verlag. [5], After falling into decay for many years, the former Topf & Söhne site was given historic monument protection status by the state of Thuringia in 2003. J. Topf was required to provide two sworn witness statements regarding his non-Nazi political leanings – two employees of Topf & Söhne provided these and vouched for him. This bland valediction (complimentary close) was often used at the end of letters Topf & Söhne sent to the SS, in which details of orders for concentration camp ovens were discussed.[30]. By 1885 J.A. Welche Kriterien es bei dem Kaufen Ihres Kaffee campingkocher zu bewerten gibt. Assmann, Aleida; Hidderman, Frank (eds)(2002) Firma Topf & Söhne – Hersteller der Öfen für Auschwitz: Ein Fabrikgelände als Erinnerungsort? En 1914, l'entreprise se lança sur un nouveau marché et se mit à construire des installations d'incinération pour les crématoires municipaux. The Topf brothers wanted to return and manage the firm, but at a company works council meeting on 30 January 1933, they were labelled "Judengenossen" (friends of Jews) and not suitable to lead the company. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. In the 1932 elections they became the second largest party; Hitler became chancellor in March 1933. II. En tant que témoins du génocide, les détenus du camp de concentration tentèrent de laisser des témoignages avant la libération d'Auschwitz. [4], In 1929, Ernst was employed at Topf & Söhne, and in 1931 Ludwig also joined the firm. Teil I: Hausbesetzung in Erfurt - 1998 bis heute; Teil II: Hausbesetzung in Erfurt - 1989 bis heute(Übersicht) Die Ausstellung als PDF-Datei Else Topf supported this stance. Conformément aux exigences de la SS - ils perfectionnèrent également les chambres à gaz en installant des systèmes de ventilation dans les crématoires II et III et un système d'aspiration de l'air dans le crématoire V[4]. La Villa Cotta - Ein Gartentraum Die Rose hat sich traumhaft entwickelt und blühte bis in den November. A. Topf & Söhne die Verbrennungsöfen und die Lüftungstechnik für die Gaskammern. A. Topf und Söhne — Das Unternehmen J. Une réorganisation et une clarification du contenu paraissent nécessaires. His brother Julius died of blood poisoning later the same year. … Ansehen Auf welche Punkte Sie vor dem Kauf Ihres Induktions topf auf normalen herd achten sollten! The museum documents the history of Topf & Söhne and its collaboration with the Nazi regime using material from the company's archives, oral history and items found at the Buchenwald concentration camp site. As with all Topf & Söhne stationary ovens, the parts were made in the factory in Erfurt, and the firm's staff went on site to build them, often spending months at the camps. Dennoch markiert das gerade erschienene Buch „Industrie und Holocaust. [11], In addition to making ovens for Buchenwald, Auschwitz and Dachau, Topf & Söhne also supplied a transportable double-muffle oven and a stationary double-muffle oven for Mauthausen-Gusen, a triple-muffle oven at Groß-Rosen and a four-muffle oven at Mogilev ghetto. Erarbeitung der Grundlagen und Dokumentation der Geschichte der Firma J.A. Topf & Söhne) was an engineering company, founded in 1878 in Erfurt, Germany by Johannes Andreas Topf (1816–1891). In the early 1930s, due to the economic crisis of the Weimar Republic, the company lost business to such an extent that by Spring 1933 it was in danger of bankruptcy. In 1949 the Soviet Occupied Zone became the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). It also has changing exhibitions, film viewings, talks, etc. The company's history was not fully researched until after German reunification in 1990. They ran social and cultural projects, and organised events and guided tours which drew attention to the history of Topf & Söhne during the Nazi period, which had been largely forgotten. Abuse is known to have occurred; the camp manager, Wilhelm Buchröder, a Nazi, was dismissed in 1944 by Ernst Topf for beating Zwangsarbeiter, although it is reported that his successor also mistreated them. Topf died in 1979. Die Texte sind einer Ausstellung über Häuserkampf und Stadtteilppolitik entnommen, die ebenfalls von den Besetzer/innen des Topf & Söhne-Geländes erstellt wurde. It sold its products globally; as far afield as Russia, Asia, North and South America, Australia, and New Zealand. The brothers later became the owners and managers of the firm during the Nazi period. [4], Kurt Prüfer, the head of Topf & Söhne's small crematoria department, was the main oven designer. 1878 wurde von Johann Andreas Topf, der Vater von Ludwig und Ernst-Wolfgang Topf, der beiden namentlich bekannten Geschäftsführer der Firma zur NS-Zeit, in Erfurt eine Bierbrauerei gegründet. [4], The company began manufacturing incinerators for burning municipal waste and, from 1914, crematoria for local authorities, due to the increasing acceptability of cremation as a means of body disposal. [1], The muffles of the concentration camp ovens were smaller than those for civil crematoria, because no space for a coffin was needed, which saved both space and fuel. Wyszukaj i porównaj hotele w pobliżu: J. In 1955 Schultze and Braun were released early. Wir als Seitenbetreiber haben uns dem Ziel angenommen, Alternativen unterschiedlichster Art ausführlichst zu vergleichen, sodass Kunden unmittelbar den Induktions topf auf normalen herd sich aneignen können, den Sie als Leser möchten. He used the old family firm's name, J.A. [4], This was happening against a backdrop of rising Nazism. Plus miljontals hotell, resorter, lägenheter och vandrarhem över hela världen. Topf & Söhne, hoping to capitalise on its good reputation prior to World War II. Les installations Topf & Fils représentaient une avancée considérable pour les crémations lors de funérailles religieuses. From April 1938 to March 1939, 90% of all cremations at Weimar came from Buchenwald. Heute beginnt das 8-Jahre-besetzt-Festival im Besetzten Haus auf dem ehemaligen Topf & Söhne Gelände in Erfurt. The occupation was one of the most well known actions of left-radicals of that period in Germany. At least 620 foreigners were forced to work for the company. La firme Topf commence sa collaboration avec les SS en concevant et vendant des fours crématoires pour Buchenwald. He was released three weeks later and returned to work. [12][14], On 13 March 1943 the engineer Karl Schultze and Heinrich Messing witnessed a test sample of 1,492 Jews from Kraków Ghetto being killed in the gas chambers at Auschwitz II and then cremated. aus! [5], The motto "Stets gern für Sie beschäftigt, ..." ("Always happy to be at your service, ...") is painted in large letters on the outside of the restored building. [29] The Topf brothers and the design engineers worked from this building. One staff member, Martin Holich, spent almost 12 months in 1942–43 installing and repairing equipment at Auschwitz-Birkenau. [8], The influence of Nazi staff within the firm also grew. Anna Anger, Fotos: AK Elle fut l'un des deux principaux fournisseurs des fours crématoires utilisés par l'Allemagne nazie[1]. The company not only made crematoria ovens, it also made ventilation systems for the gas chambers at Auschwitz II–Birkenau. Au sein de leur entreprise, les frères Topf dépendaient de la longue expérience de leurs chefs de division et de leurs ingénieurs de l'époque. (20 cm, 16 cm, 28 cm), Edelstahl/schwarz. With the second generation of the Topf brothers all dead, Else Topf (1882–1940), Ludwig's widow, became the owner. This was a four-storey oven designed for Auschwitz II. [9] An additional five triple-muffle ovens were installed at Auschwitz II by mid-March 1943. Für den Fall einer Räumung des Besetzten Hauses auf dem ehemaligen Gelände von Topf & Söhne wollen zudem rund 200 Menschen eine Sitzblockade veranstalten. Au début du XXe siècle, elle était déjà l'un des plus grands fabricants mondiaux d'installations de chaufferies industrielles pour brasseries. In an interview given in 2005, his daughter Hildegard who was 16 in 1943, said she would never forget him saying on his return, "If what I have seen comes out, we will all be wading up to our knees in blood". Oltre a una vasta selezione di hotel, resort, appartamenti e ostelli in tutto il mondo. L'extermination d'êtres humains n'était pas un phénomène passager dans le national-socialisme. Ludwig Topf et son frère Ernst-Wolfgang, industriels bien connus d'Erfurt, avaient pris la carte de membre du parti nazi fin avril 1933 mais ils n'étaient ni racistes ni antisémites. [18][19], In April 1945, Erfurt and Buchenwald were liberated by the US Army. During World War I it made weapons shells, limbers (carts for carrying artillery) and other military vehicles. April 2001 besetzten AntifaschistInnen einen Teil des ehemaligen Topf und Söhne Geländes in Erfurt. Malgré de nombreux efforts pour étouffer toute l'affaire, les complicités passives et actives ont laissé des traces. Die „Besetzer_innen“ wollen mit der Aktion auf den Abriss der Industriebrache Topf und Söhne sowie der drohenden Räumung des Besetzten Hauses auf einem Teil des ehemaligen Firmengeländes aufmerksam machen. En pratique : Quelles sources sont attendues ? [1], At its peak Topf & Söhne was the largest company of its type in the world. Includes free vocabulary trainer, verb tables and pronunciation function. [1], It is now infamous as the largest of 12 companies that designed and built crematoria ovens for concentration and extermination camps during the Holocaust, planned and carried out by the Nazi regime from 1935 to 1945. The film and still photographs of the camp were shown around the world. He had a reputation as a womaniser and was living with his secretary, 19 years his junior, at the time of his death. Ausstellung: 31.10.2020 10:00 – 04.07.2021 18:00 Kategorie: Sonderausstellung, Geschichte, Gedenken, Topf und Söhne. Barracks that could accommodate 52 Zwangsarbeiter were built on the Topf & Söhne factory site. [4], From August 1940 to May 1942, Topf & Söhne built three double-muffle ovens at Auschwitz Camp I. Pourtant, ils ne tirèrent pas de bénéfice de leurs contrats avec la SS, qui ne représentaient que 3 % de leur chiffre d'affaires. [1], Auschwitz and Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camps were liberated by the Red Army on the 26 and 27 January 1945. Die nostalgischen Blüten sind hitzeverträglich und leicht duftend. In the 1940s, less than 2% of its total business came from its concentration camp contracts. Bodies were often pushed in four, five or even six at once. [1], In December 1939, a patent application was made for Prüfer's double-muffle transportable cremation unit, although it was not approved, possibly because of the legal problem of ash mixing. A. Topf und Söhne med Skyscanner hotell. Améliorez-le, discutez des points à améliorer ou précisez les sections à recycler en utilisant {{section à recycler}}. Die Firma Topf & Söhne lieferte die benötigten Verbrennungsöfen und trat damit seinen Dienst als Handlanger des Holocaust an. [5], After German reunification in 1990, over 2.5 million claims were made for restitution of property that had been confiscated during the Nazi period, or by the East German government. Later, in Topf & Söhne's instructions on using the ovens, they advised adding bodies to the muffles at 20-minute intervals as the previous body burned down. Kori. Film from Buchenwald and other concentration camps was used as evidence at the Nuremberg Trials. A. Topf & Söhne company, Auschwitz-Birkenau Crematoria: Civilian Ovens Comparison (2016), Topf & Sons as Partners of the SS. A 'muffle' is the incineration chamber where the body is put. There was further bad publicity when the book Macht ohne Moral ('Power without Morals') was published in 1957. However, important witness statements were lost and Soviet authorities in Erfurt were no longer interested in assisting with the case. Grâce à des contrats lucratifs pour un programme de construction d'entrepôts pour l'armée, ils purent consolider leur entreprise qui avait connu des revers à la suite de la crise économique mondiale. [20], On 27 April 1945, Ludwig Topf organised a meeting with company's works council at which it was agreed that the line to be taken with investigators was that workers and management knew that the ovens were delivered to concentration camps, but that they did not know the details of what was going on. However, for appearances sake, they were persuaded to join the Nazi party, in April 1933. La SS fut désignée comme seule coupable. "[25], Hartmut Topf (born 1934), a grandson of Julius Topf, publicly criticised the attempt to claim back the property, saying that they should not profit from Holocaust crimes. Two further legal proceedings followed in 1962 but neither resulted in a formal charge. [8] Der Beitritt zur NSDAP sowie die anfängliche Geschäftsbeziehung zur SS können teilweise mit der Angst der Gebrüder um den … [28] About 30 remaining squatters were evicted by the police on 16 April 2009. Topf & Fils (J.A. It was refused in 1992, because property confiscated during the Soviet occupation period could not be claimed. By 1914, it was one of the largest firms of its type in the world, employing over 500 staff and exporting to 50 countries. The brothers, like their father, did have many good relationships with Jewish friends, neighbours and business contacts. A. Topf und Söhne war ein Industriebetrieb in Erfurt. [20], At Buchenwald, liberated on 11 April, the crematoria ovens remained intact. To deal with the increased demand for body disposal, Topf & Söhne installed a further two 8-muffle ovens in September 1942. [24] Some descendants of the Topf family made a claim for the former family villa and factory in Erfurt which had been made state property. He established the new company to sell a system for heating brewing coppers which he had invented and patented. Topf und Söhne) est une société allemande spécialisée en installations de chauffage qui fut créée en 1878 à Erfurt. [10], The first transport of Jews arrived at Auschwitz II on 15 February 1942. J.A. Damit kommt Topf & Söhne eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Umsetzung des Völkermords an den europäischen Juden und den Sinti und Roma zu. He owned his own brewery and had also worked in the fuel technology industry. The Spruchkammer had difficulties in getting evidence, partly due to a lack of co-operation between American officials and officials in Soviet occupied Erfurt. Auch unbequemer. He was unmarried and had no children. JA Topf e Filhos ( alemão: JA Topf & Söhne) era uma empresa de engenharia, fundada em 1878 em Erfurt, Alemanha por Johannes Andreas Topf (1816-1891). Topf und Söhne — 50° 58′ 20″ N 11° 03′ 05″ E / 50.9722, 11.0514 Topf F … Wikipédia en Français. Topf und Söhne ging in 1940 een samenwerkingsverband aan met het Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA), dat het beheer over de concentratiekampen had. They used stop-watches to time the process and took notes. The two older brothers also joined the company in the late 1880s, but they both died by the mid-1890s; Gustav, aged 40 and Albert, aged 39.